Cord blood is blood that remains in the umbilical cord following the birth of a baby and after the umbilical cord is cut. During pregnancy, the umbilical cord functions as a lifeline between mother and child. After a baby’s delivery, the cord blood present in the umbilical cord could offer hope for the child and maybe members of the family.

Cord blood is a rich source of Haematopoietic Stem Cells (HSCs), which are primarily responsible for replenishing blood and regenerating the immune system. They have the unique ability to differentiate into various cell types found in blood as depicted in the diagram below:

• Red blood cells - which transport oxygen
• White blood cells - which produce antibodies and fight bacteria
• Platelets - which assist blood clotting

• Replace and regenerate damaged or diseased bone marrow
• Treatment for blood cancers
• Correct genetic defects (sibling/allogeneic transplantation)
• Potential for cellular therapy and regenerative medicine

The list of diseases treated by stem cells can be found here.

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Theoretically, the shelf-life of cells stored at liquid nitrogen temperatures has been estimated to be of 1,000 years.

In recent studies, it is found that there is efficient recovery from cord blood stem cells cryopreserved up to 21-23.5years.

Please refer here.

Immediately after the delivery of your baby, the cord is clamped and your baby separated from the cord and moved from the birthing area. The doctor then collects the umbilical cord blood by inserting a needle into the cord vein, and draining the blood into a blood bag.

This procedure is painless and risk-free to both you and your baby. It takes about 3 minutes and does not alter the birthing process in any way. It can be done with either a vaginal or caesarean delivery.

Please note that the final decision of whether the cord blood collection should take place will always reside with your caregiver whose first priority is the safety of you and your baby.

• Stem cell rescue reconstitutes a patient’s blood and immune system
• This is carried out after chemotherapy and radiotherapy which destroy blood cells
• Stem cells are infused intravenously into the patient’s blood stream
• Once in the blood stream, they migrate to the bone marrow
• They then differentiate into three blood cell types – red, white and platelets
• The differentiation initiates the regeneration of the patient’s blood and immune system

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1. 1 in 200 individuals may need a haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) transplant by the age of 70.
2. 60% higher chance of match versus bone marrow in a family.
3. Research showed that patients have a lower chance of complications in transplants when they receive stem cells from a relative.
4. Some of the most common cancers are treatable with stem cell transplant. For instance, For instance, Lymphoma and Leukaemia are two of the top 10 common cancers for adults and among the top five most common childhood cancers in India.
5. A guaranteed match for autologous transplants (where the donor and recipient are the same individual).
6. A readily available supply of stored haematopoietic stem cells. This compares well to having to do a national or international search which is costly and time-consuming in an already time critical situation.
7. Lower risk of Graft vs. Host Disease (GvHD) for autologous transplants, a situation where the transplanted tissue attacks the patient’s own tissue.
8. Umbilical cord blood stem cells are younger, have a higher rate of engraftment and are more tolerant to tissue mismatches, compared to other types of stem cells, e.g. bone marrow.
9. Ease of collection, which is pain-free and risk-free to both mother and child.
10. It is once-in-a-life time chance to collect cord blood – a readily available source when needed in the future.